Have you heard about Flammability Limit and Explosive Limit? What does it mean? What the difference? These day I kept wondering if flammability limit and explosive limit is the same? Since I have to check vent stack data sheet from our mechanical engineer, I need to put low flammability limit criteria. What is that?
Explosion occur when three conditions are met:
As a process engineer, I sometimes dealing with pumps. I usually feel confuse when I read pump specification or graphs offered by vendors. Here in this post, I want to share you some knowledge about pumps terminology that you may hear before what don’t really understand the meaning.
I create mind map for several most-often-used pump terminology that come to my mind. I’m sorry if the arrangement is a bit messy :D.
Reciprocating pump is a class of positive displacement pump which includes piston pump, plunger pump, and diaphragm pump. It is often used where a relatively small quantity of liquid to be handled and where delivery pressure is quite large. Priming is not required because it is positive displacement pump. Reciprocating pumps have lower efficiency compared to centrifugal pump.
API 674 – Positive Displacement Pump – Reciprocating covers minimum requirements for reciprocating positive displacement pumps for refinery application. The standard also covers piping and instrumentation required for the pump. Read More
During LNG storing and transporting, heat from surrounding will cause LNG temperature to rise. The rise of temperature will lead to boil-off gas (BOG) generation. Boil-off gas produced in storage tank should be remove to maintain tank pressure at safe level.
BOG can be handled by several methods. Read More
Vaporizer is used to convert LNG to gas. There are several type of vaporizer that popularly used:
Last weekend, me, my mother, my little sister, and my cousin went to my late grandfather’s house. It was located in Ciherang Village, Cianjur Regency. Honestly, this was my first experience going there. Since I was little, I had no chance to go there. Read More
In LNG receiving terminal, where LNG is pumped from LNG carrier to onshore LNG storage tank, we have to provide one line to intermittently circulate LNG through unloading lines. This is called LNG recirculation line or keep-cool line. The function of this line is maintain cryogenic condition of the unloading line during holding mode. Unloading activity is conducting intermittently. Sometimes we need to wait for a week or even a month to the next LNG unloading. During this time, there is a possibility of increasing temperature in the line. To prevent that, we need to circulate LNG in unloading line. Read More
British Standard European Norm (BS EN) 1160 – Installations and Equipment for Liquefied Natural Gas – General Characteristics of Liquefied Natural gas defined physical properties of boil-off gas. Read More
As mentioned in part 1, small LNG regasification facility typically consists of LNG unloading facility (which can be flexible hose or marine loading arm), LNG storage tank, LNG sendout pump, ambient air vaporizer, and metering. In part 1 we already discussed about LNG unloading facility and LNG storage tank. In this part I want to share the rest of them.
LNG Sendout Pump
LNG sendout pump is used to increase pressure of LNG before being sent to vaporizer. In LNG facility, there are two most common type of pump: submerged centrifugal pump and reciprocating pump.
Submerged centrifugal pump is used when LNG flowrate is high but the pressure in low to medium. Meanwhile reciprocating pump is used when the flow is low but the pressure is high. Read More
Today I want to share you Typical Process Diagram for Small LNG Regasification. For your information, small LNG regasification is very useful to be built in remote location where power supply is very limited.
Typically main equipments installed in Small LNG Regasification are unloading facility, LNG storage tank, LNG pump, natural draft ambient air vaporizer, and metering system. Read More
