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Where Does Wastewater Come From

Rifka Aisyah Leave a comment

Where does wastewater come? This basic question shall be answered if we want to design a wastewater treatment system. Source of wastewater, its characteristics, and its flow rate, will influence the type of technology to treat the wastewater.

Components that make up the wastewater depend on the type of collection systems. Urban wastewater that contribute to a wastewater treatment is originated from the following three main resources:

  • Domestic (also called sanitary) wastewater. This type of wastewater is discharged from residential districts, commercial districts, institutional facilities, or recreational facilities.
  • Industrial wastewater. Wastewater which predominantly consists of industrial waste.
  • Infiltration/inflow.
    • Infiltration is water entering a sewer system including service connections, defective pipes, pipe joints or manhole walls.
    • Inflow is the water discharged into a sewer system from roof leader, cellar, yard and area drains, foundation drains, cooling water discharges, drains from springs and swampy area, manhole covers, cross connections from storm and combined sewers.

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What Is Wastewater Treatment  

Rifka Aisyah 3 Comments

After a quite long absence of updating this blog, I want to begin this March’s post with refreshing our knowledge about wastewater treatment. Let’s begin with one fundamental question: what is wastewater treatment?

In general, wastewater treatment is a process converting wastewater into effluent that can be discharged back into the environment. This terms contains at least four keywords, which are wastewater, effluent, converting process, and environment.

Sewage wastewater

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Get to Know Glycol Dehydration Unit

Rifka Aisyah Leave a comment

Natural gas dehydration unit is one of important facilities in natural gas processing. Purpose of water vapor removal in natural gas are to prevent gas hydrates formation and to reduce corrossion in pipeline. There are several methods of gas dehydration, which are absorption with liquid desiccant, adsorption with solid desiccant, and cooling below initial dew point. Selection of the method is depend on water content in feed gas and required dew-point in dry gas.

One of the most popular methods of natural gas dehydration is absorption process employing diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol as dehydration medium or desiccant. It is a mature process having been used for over fifty years. Triethylene glycol has emerged as the most popular chemicals in recent years due to several favorable desiccant characteristics. Those characteristics are high affinity for water vapor, non-corrosive, ease of generation, and low chemical losses. Read More

Attending Microhydro Workshop in CRCS ITB (Part 2, End)

Rifka Aisyah Leave a comment

This post is continuation of my first post about my participation in workshop on microhydro power plant in national seminar on instrumentation, control, and automation. Please read the first post first to get overall picture of the workshop.

I am lucky to see some of main equipments in microhydro power plant workshop. Picture below is example of microhydro power plant for study purpose. Read More

Attending Microhydro Workshop in CRCS ITB (Part 1)

Rifka Aisyah 1 Comment

On 11-12 December 2018, I had an opportunity to participate in national seminar on instrumentation, control, and automation, as well as microhydro workshop. This event was held by CITA ITB (Center for Instrumentation Technology and Automation Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia). It was a really awesome event, especially workshop on microhydro. In this post, I want to share to you what I got from the workshop. Read More

Cooling Pond Sizing

Rifka Aisyah 4 Comments

In this post, I want to share to you how to size cooling pond. Cooling pond is used to remove heat from water by means of air. Example of application of cooling pond is to remove heat from brine water in geothermal power plant facilities.

To design cooling pond, you need process data and environment data. Process data are flow rate of liquid to be cooled, initial temperature, final temperature, and density of liquid. Environent data are relative humidity, wind velocity, average air temperature, and solar heat gain. Here is example of cooling pond sizing. Read More

Six Reasons Why Solar Power Plants are Difficult to Develop in Indonesia

Rifka Aisyah Leave a comment

Based on RUPTL PLN 2018, installed capacity of solar power plants in Indonesia is only 78.5 MW. It is the lowest capacity among other type of renewable energy sources. I wonder what makes this happened.

[Read more: Small Scale Geothermal Power Plant is My Project of the Year!)

Based on Indonesia vice minister of energy and mineral resources, there are six reasons why solar power plants are difficult to develop in Indonesia. Read More

The First Commercial Wind Power Generation is Build in Indonesia

Rifka Aisyah Leave a comment

Last week I read performance report of Indonesia Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Indonesia has succeeded in developing the first commercial wind farm in Indonesia. The wind farm was constructed in Sidrap, South Sulawesi. The capacity is 75 MW, consisted of 30 turbines with capacity of 2.5 MW each. The wind farm can supply electricity to 150.000 houses (450 VA per house) [1].

Sidrap wind farm was sponsored by UPC Solar and Wind Investment LLC, a Delaware limited liability company [2]. The wind farm is operated by PT Sidrap Bayu Energi. The electricity is sold to PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) to a 30-year power purchase agreement [2]. Read More